{"id":2104,"date":"2018-12-23T20:40:17","date_gmt":"2018-12-24T01:40:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/?p=2104"},"modified":"2019-02-17T11:44:57","modified_gmt":"2019-02-17T16:44:57","slug":"how-much-does-a-family-physician-work","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/?p=2104","title":{"rendered":"How much does a Family Physician work?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-2105\" src=\"http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/IMG_0387-1024x492.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"660\" height=\"317\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/IMG_0387-1024x492.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/IMG_0387-300x144.jpg 300w, http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/IMG_0387-768x369.jpg 768w, http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/IMG_0387-700x336.jpg 700w, http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/IMG_0387.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>I finished my first year as an attending! I work in an academic and urban setting and do a unique version of full-spectrum family medicine: I see patients of all ages in a clinic, I take care of adults in the inpatient setting as a hospitalist, and I deliver pregnant women as a laborist in addition to post-partum rounding on newborns in the hospital (I am not obliged but often come in to see my personal patients in these hospital settings as well); I work days and nights; moreover, part of my job is to teach medical students and resident family physicians.<\/p>\n<p>Many residents comment, &#8220;Henry, you work a lot!&#8221; I love what I am doing and simply can&#8217;t imagine doing anything else; but the question remains, &#8220;Do I work more than the average family doctor?&#8221;<\/p>\n<h2>How many hours do I work?<\/h2>\n<p>In order to calculate how many hours I spend working, I needed to estimate how my work days are spent. Some days I do clinic, some days I do OB (obstetrics) and MCH (maternal child health), other days I do FMIS (family medicine inpatient service), and some days I do all three! A quick run-down:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Typical clinic day [9.5-10.5h day]<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>7:30am &#8211; arrive in clinic, work on emails, sign or fill out faxed forms, finish charts, EMR tasks (&#8220;paper work&#8221;)<\/li>\n<li>8:30am &#8211; begin morning clinic<\/li>\n<li>12 to 12:30pm &#8211; finish clinic, get lunch, watch a lecture, attend a meeting, and\/or resume &#8220;paper work&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>1:30pm &#8211; begin afternoon clinic<\/li>\n<li>4:30 &#8211; 5pm &#8211; finish clinic, resume &#8220;paper work&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>6pm &#8211; head home<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Typical MCH (obstetrics + postpartum\/newborn care) day (least regularly structured, below is a rough estimate) [10-11h day]<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>7:30am &#8211; arrive in the hospital, receive signout from night attending<\/li>\n<li>8am &#8211; start post-partum rounding on new moms and newborns with residents; circumcisions<\/li>\n<li>10am &#8211; see triage patients and laboring patients<\/li>\n<li>6pm &#8211; signout to night attending<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Typical FMIS day (also a rough estimate) [12h shift]<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>7am &#8211; arrive in hospital, receive signout from night attending<\/li>\n<li>8am &#8211; start bedside rounding with resident Team 1<\/li>\n<li>11am &#8211; table round with resident Team 2; then see the patients on Team 2 by myself<\/li>\n<li>1pm &#8211; see new admits, precept admissions, coordinating discharges<\/li>\n<li>7pm &#8211; signout to night attending<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Sometimes I work these settings for a whole day or part of a day. I also do a considerable amount of nights. To make my calculations easier, I portioned these settings into &#8220;shifts&#8221;: morning, afternoon, and night. I then calculated hours spent per shift. With data I recorded over 6 months, I created a spreadsheet (that anyone could view if you are really piqued): <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/19xvEdP28AKi53cLm4F9t7yy7ZdNKMfVTsGCU8xPBhiA\/edit?usp=sharing\">link here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Assumptions and notes for my calculation:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>&#8220;Paper work&#8221; &#8211; is very difficult to calculate:\n<ul>\n<li>It involves literal paper work: signing or reading things faxed to the clinic, signing orders, filling out forms (disability, home health, government\/state forms, etc), physical therapy orders, and anything that requires a doctor&#8217;s input for a patient.<\/li>\n<li>The electronic medical record (EMR) work includes: signing prescription refills, reading consultant notes and messages; reading lab and imaging results, and communicating with patients about these results, etc.<\/li>\n<li>Then there&#8217;s time needed to finish the clinic visit chart notes themselves.<\/li>\n<li>Moreover, since I am in an academic setting, there are resident clinic notes to be read and cosigned, resident labs and imaging to supervise, and communication with residents about patient care or evaluations.<\/li>\n<li>There needs to be time to schedule and set up shifts, meetings with other doctors, committees, etc.<\/li>\n<li>Lastly, emails take significant time: patient care, academic topics, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Every clinic session is 3.5 hours of patient encounter time, but <strong>I add 1.5 hours per shift to include associated charting and &#8220;paper work.&#8221;<\/strong> I come in 1 hour early to do this and spend about an 1 hour after clinic as well. This number incorporates lunch time as well because I am usually working through lunch. In contrast, some physicians go home right after clinic&#8211; they choose to do charting and &#8220;paper work&#8221; after their children go to sleep, around 8-11pm (so I hear&#8230; We don&#8217;t have kids yet).<\/li>\n<li>Precepting residents takes time, but overall less &#8220;paper work,&#8221; so I calculate the hours per session as less.<\/li>\n<li>Admin is pure time (plus half of lunch) + 0.5h for the time I get there earlier or spend afterwards to work on stuff.<\/li>\n<li>MCH and FMIS really don&#8217;t include anytime outside the hospital because I don&#8217;t really chart or do patient tasks outside the shift time. I usually finish all charting\/paper work while in the hospital before I leave.<\/li>\n<li>Extra hours is a category the most inaccurate. It includes formal hours of teaching of residents and med students, EKG teaching, meetings, workshops, scheduling meetings, academic meetings, CME lectures, etc. I try not to double-account this time with &#8220;paper-work&#8221; or admin time.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Statistics<\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2106\" src=\"http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/hoursworked.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"593\" height=\"366\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/hoursworked.png 593w, http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/hoursworked-300x185.png 300w, http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/hoursworked-332x205.png 332w, http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/hoursworked-268x164.png 268w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 593px) 100vw, 593px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2265\" src=\"http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/workapportioned2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"592\" height=\"363\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/workapportioned2.png 592w, http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/workapportioned2-300x184.png 300w, http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/workapportioned2-332x205.png 332w, http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/workapportioned2-268x164.png 268w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 592px) 100vw, 592px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2107\" src=\"http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/timepsentperday.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"592\" height=\"363\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/timepsentperday.png 592w, http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/timepsentperday-300x184.png 300w, http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/timepsentperday-332x205.png 332w, http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/timepsentperday-268x164.png 268w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 592px) 100vw, 592px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Hours worked:\n<ul>\n<li>I averaged <strong>54.9<\/strong> hours of work per week<\/li>\n<li>I worked a range of 33-80 hours per week<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>% of total working time breakdown:\n<ul>\n<li>I work 51.9% of my time in clinic (which includes seeing patients, admin time, precepting and &#8220;paper work&#8221;)<\/li>\n<li>I work 26% of my time on MCH (labor and delivery, post-partum rounding)<\/li>\n<li>I work 18.7% of my time on FMIS (adult inpatient medicine)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Breakdown from a week perspective (the average over 32 weeks):\n<ul>\n<li>3.5 clinic sessions per week<\/li>\n<li>1.5 precepting sessions per week<\/li>\n<li>1 admin session per week (0.92)<\/li>\n<li>1 Saturday 24-h OB shift every 10.7 weeks<\/li>\n<li>1 OB overnight every 2.3 weeks<\/li>\n<li>~3-day or night stretch of FMIS every 4 weeks<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Overnights:\n<ul>\n<li>I work on average 2 overnights every 3 weeks<\/li>\n<li>I work on average 3 twenty-four-hour shifts every 5 weeks<\/li>\n<li>18.33% of my total working time is working overnight\n<ul>\n<li>52% of my OB time is overnight<\/li>\n<li>26% of my FMIS time is overnight<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Discussion<\/h2>\n<p>I did a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.evernote.com\/l\/ACm1zZJAVGZBFKZl2Tcp6F_a8fQvQdA7cJE\">quick literature review<\/a> of studies about physician work hours. The hours worked &#8220;average&#8221; ranged from 52 to 60 hours per week.&nbsp;A&nbsp;2011 study in JAMA, using 2004-2005 data of physicians working, set the family physician hours worked in a year as the &#8220;average&#8221; in which other specialties are compared to: family doctors work 2,524 hours per year total. Comparisons for example: vascular surgeons work 888 more hours; while dermatologists work 346 less hours, relative to family doctors. (If I extrapolated my data and assume I work 48 weeks per year, I would work 2,635 hours per year; which is 111 more hours than the 2011 JAMA article family doctor average).<\/p>\n<p>I think that overall my personal data is likely underestimating how much I work&#8211; I was fairly conservative with my estimations. However, it is within a reasonable range compared to the estimates in the studies I read. If I have more time, I would like to see a breakdown of how much doctors work overnight. As <strong>not<\/strong> a designated nocturnist, I am guessing I work more nights than most family doctors (18.3% of my total working time is overnight; 52% of my OB time is overnight).<\/p>\n<p><strong>In conclusion, I work marginally more than the average family doctor, but well within the range of average.<\/strong> I can make a similar statement if I compare my hours to other specialties as a whole (all doctors vs. just family doctors). I likely am working nights above the average for family doctors.<\/p>\n<h2>Burnout &amp; Well-being<\/h2>\n<p>The next step would be comparing my quality of life to others in relation to hours worked. Burnout, well-being, and resilience are topics in full vogue right now (and rightly so). Interestingly, an article summarized a study from&nbsp;The Annals of Family Medicine,&nbsp;showing that the more full-spectrum a family physician works, the less burnout: &#8220;comprehensiveness is associated with less burnout, which is critical in the context of improving access to good quality, affordable care while maintaining physician wellness.&#8221; Here, I quote formally from that study: &#8220;practice characteristics significantly associated with lower odds of burnout were practicing inpatient medicine (OR = 0.70; 95% CI, 0.56\u20130.87;&nbsp;<em>P<\/em>&nbsp;= .0017) and obstetrics (OR = 0.64; 95% CI, 0.47\u20130.88;&nbsp;<em>P<\/em>&nbsp;= .0058).&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Clayton Christensen&#8217;s book, &#8220;How Will You Measure Your Life?&#8221; talks about<strong>&nbsp;satisfaction<\/strong> in the context of work. There are two types of factors contributing to this: <strong>hygiene factors and motivation factors. &#8220;<\/strong>Hygiene factors&#8221; if not done right, will causes us to be dissatisfied: poor status, compensation, job security, work conditions, company policies, supervisory practices make workers unhappy. However, even if hygiene factors are improved, you won&#8217;t automatically love your job; you just won&#8217;t hate it anymore. Christensen recalls Frederick Herzberg&#8217;s research and names &#8220;motivators&#8221; as another factor for job satisfaction.&nbsp; Motivation factors include: challenging work, recognition, responsibility, personal growth&#8211; very inward qualities. Problems arise when you prioritize hygiene factors over personal motivators (ie. &#8220;I&#8217;ll work a high-paying job and then when I pay off my loans, will work to save the world!&#8221;). Deferring real passions can lead to burnout.<\/p>\n<p>I don&#8217;t have the data, but qualitatively I am pretty sure I am pretty happy so far. :D Paper work is a drag, but I seldom feel like I am not doing what I am called to do in this life. My favorite weeks (and even days) are when I get to see patients in all different settings and teach residents at the same time. A particularly memorable day, mixed the joy of delivering two babies in the morning, with the privilege of being with the family of a personal patient of mine passing away in the ICU, and the excitement of precepting residents in clinic in the afternoon (including doing some procedures); all ending with a quick lecture. It was hard, but I can&#8217;t imagine doing anything else!<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a7\u00a7\u00a7<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<ol style=\"font-size: small;\">\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.annfammed.org\/content\/16\/3\/200\">Burnout and Scope article<\/a> &#8211; Weidner AKH, Phillips RL, Fang B, Peterson LE. Burnout and Scope of Practice in New Family Physicians. Ann Fam Med. 2018;16(3):200-205.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/How-Will-Measure-Your-Life-ebook\/dp\/B006ID0CH4\">&#8220;How Will You Measure Your Life?&#8221;<\/a> &#8211; by Clayton M. Christensen<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aafp.org\/medical-school-residency\/choosing-fm\/physician-qas\/love-family-medicine.html\">&#8220;What do you love about being a family physician?&#8221;<\/a> &#8211; &#8220;I become part of their lives and they become part of mine.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aafp.org\/medical-school-residency\/choosing-fm\/physician-qas\/day-as-family-doctor.html\">&#8220;What is a typical day like for you as a family physician?&#8221;<\/a> &#8211; a really interesting article looking qualitatively what different family doctors do on a typical day<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2018\/11\/12\/why-doctors-hate-their-computers\">Why Doctors Hate Their Computers<\/a> &#8211; by Atul Guwande in an article from The New Yorker<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.annfammed.org\/content\/15\/5\/419.full\">Tethered to the EHR: Primary Care Physician Workload Assessment Using EHR Event Log Data and Time-Motion Observations<\/a> &#8211; ambulatory clinic doctors worked on average 11.9 hours per day, 1.4 hours are spent outside the clinic on the EHR<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/annals.org\/aim\/article-abstract\/2546704\/allocation-physician-time-ambulatory-practice-time-motion-study-4-specialties\">Allocation of Physician Time in Ambulatory Practice: A Time and Motion Study in 4 Specialties<\/a> &#8211; this paper states doctors spend 1-2 hours of after-hours work each night<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aafp.org\/news\/practice-professional-issues\/20180418scope.html\"> Researchers Explore Diminishing Scope of FP Practice<\/a> &#8211; &#8220;Once kids, OB, procedures, urgent care and inpatient care are removed, many family physicians have become outpatient-only managers of adult chronic disease.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aafp.org\/news\/blogs\/inthetrenches\/entry\/20181009itt-scope.html\"> Reclaiming Family Medicine&#8217;s Broad Scope Benefits Everyone<\/a> &#8211; physician specialties have expanded from 15 to 130 types of doctors over time<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.evernote.com\/l\/ACm1zZJAVGZBFKZl2Tcp6F_a8fQvQdA7cJE\">My quick literature review<\/a> &#8211; on hours doctors work per week<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-761\" src=\"http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Screen-Shot-2015-06-13-at-10.11.40-AM.png\" alt=\"HD\" width=\"76\" height=\"50\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I finished my first year as an attending! I work in an academic and urban setting and do a unique version of full-spectrum family medicine: I see patients of all ages in a clinic, I take care of adults in the inpatient setting as a hospitalist, and I deliver pregnant &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2105,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[28,31,34],"class_list":["post-2104","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-verbal","tag-health-care","tag-medical-school","tag-residency","column","threecol","has-thumbnail"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/IMG_0387.jpg",1600,769,false],"thumbnail":["http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/IMG_0387-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/IMG_0387-300x144.jpg",300,144,true],"medium_large":["http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/IMG_0387-768x369.jpg",660,317,true],"large":["http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/IMG_0387-1024x492.jpg",660,317,true],"1536x1536":["http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/IMG_0387.jpg",1536,738,false],"2048x2048":["http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/IMG_0387.jpg",1600,769,false],"slider-thumb":["http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/IMG_0387-1140x395.jpg",1140,395,true],"blog-thumb":["http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/IMG_0387-700x300.jpg",700,300,true],"teaser-thumb":["http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/IMG_0387-332x205.jpg",332,205,true],"gallery-1-thumb":["http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/IMG_0387-432x432.jpg",432,432,true],"gallery-2-thumb":["http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/IMG_0387-268x268.jpg",268,268,true],"gallery-3-thumb":["http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/IMG_0387-268x164.jpg",268,164,true],"image-thumb":["http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/IMG_0387-700x336.jpg",700,336,true],"video-thumb":["http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/IMG_0387-700x393.jpg",700,393,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Del Rosario Henry","author_link":"http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/?author=1"},"uagb_comment_info":2,"uagb_excerpt":"I finished my first year as an attending! I work in an academic and urban setting and do a unique version of &#8230;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2104","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2104"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2104\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2293,"href":"http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2104\/revisions\/2293"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2105"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2104"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2104"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.henrydelrosario.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2104"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}